Jatropha: A Non-Food, Non-Celluolosic Biofuel Source
Jatropha oil seed is said to be converted to biofuel at low cost by the transesterification process (the reaction of a triglyceride with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol). Mercedes road tests of diesel cars with early samples of jatropha-based fuel found it to have high energy content (95 percent of conventional diesel fuel) and high cetane, and produce 50 percent less hydrocarbon and 66 percent less particulate matter emissions over petroleum fuel. One study reported that the cost to grow and refine jatropha biodiesel is in the range from $0.32 to $0.40/liter (approximately $1.28 to $1.60 per gallon). The D1-BP Fuel Crops announcement indicates that a portion of jatropha biodiesel would be used locally, and partly exported to the EU for blending with conventional diesel fuel to meet EU requirements for bio blend percentages. Third World impact
Asked about the impact the new biofuel source might have on food cropland, D1-Oils Chief Executive Officer Elliott Mannis states that "we will use land unsuitable for arable crops." He adds that his firm sees potential for jatropha biodiesel production in India, southern Africa, southeastern Asia, Central and South America and the Philippines.
Published information indicates that India alone has 160 million acres of land classified as wasteland, and another 430 million acres said to have some degree of degradation. Considering that jatropha trees, according to one estimate, are expected to produce 6.5 barrels of oil/acre/yr and the trees last for an average of 40 years, the world potential for biodiesel from this source may be considerable. The current $160 million investment certainly indicates the potential is large - and the outlook predictable, since its use as diesel fuel has already begun.
Mercedes points to one incentive for advancing jatropha biodiesel: to achieve local fuel sustainability, plus jobs and purchasing power in rural areas.
Jatropha's implications will also energize debate on the current use of food crops, such as corn and soybeans, for fuel. If jatropha trees can be grown in Central America, it might be a factor for export to the US - if not hobbled by tariffs, as happened with sugar-based ethanol.
(Source: D1 Oils plc)